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Climate change is a significant danger to the stability and productivity of the aquaculture system worldwide. Since fish cultivation becomes an important important component of global food security, the region must be suitable for increasing environmental challenges such as rising temperatures, sea acidification, shifting rain patterns and spreading diseases and spreading diseases and harmful algal blooms. This review explains the versatile effects of climate change on fish cultivation practices, exposing physical stress on aquatic organisms, availability of water and quality disruption and increased risk of pathogen's outbreak. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of species and livelihood diversification, climate-flexible farming strategies, and carbon emission mitigation to protect the economic and ecological viability of aquaculture. Permanent adaptation and technological progress are necessary to ensure that these adverse effects can continue to compete and ensure that the rapidly changing climate can continue to contribute to food security and rural livelihood.

India's prawn aquaculture has grown significantly during the 1990s thanks to Litopenaeus vannamei adoption, species diversification, and better farming practices. Biosecurity, improved health management, and super-intensive systems increased production, and the industry is expected to rise from USD 7.3 billion in 2022 to USD 14 billion by 2028. Disease outbreaks (EHP, white spot), environmental stress, and socioeconomic problems are still problems, nevertheless. The goal of policies like PMMSY and the Coastal Aquaculture Authority Act is sustainable expansion, which calls for stricter laws, environmentally friendly operations, and efficient disease prevention.

In recent years, natural and complementary therapies have become increasingly popular as people seek holistic ways to support their health alongside conventional medicine. Among these approaches, aromatherapy has emerged as one of the fastest-growing wellness practices. It involves the use of essential oils, highly concentrated extracts derived from flowers, bark, stems, leaves, roots, fruits, through various methods, often paired with massage to promote relaxation and overall well-being. These fragrant oils offer benefits far beyond their pleasing aroma. Research suggests they can help lower stress and anxiety levels, improve sleep quality, and enhance emotional balance. Studies also indicate that aromatherapy may relieve pain, calm the nervous system, and influence mood by stimulating specific areas of the brain through the sense of smell. Certain oils are even associated with positive behavioral changes. This article explores aromatherapy?s origins, scientific basis, and its growing role in modern wellness practices.

Due to its zoonotic potential, Avian Influenza (AI), also referred to as bird flu, continues to pose a serious threat to the health of poultry, rural livelihoods, and public health worldwide. AI is caused by influenza A viruses and is naturally found in wild aquatic birds. It can be either low pathogenic (LPAI) or highly pathogenic (HPAI), with the H5N1 and H7N9 strains being the most dangerous. Contact with infected birds, contaminated feed, water, or equipment is the main way that the disease is spread, and poultry suffer from severe illness and high mortality rates. Although infections in humans are uncommon, there is a risk of occupational exposure, and viral mutations may lead to pandemics. Due to culling, trade restrictions, and consumer anxiety, outbreaks cause significant financial losses that disproportionately impact small farmers and the security of the nation's nutrition supply. Effective control requires strict biosecurity, surveillance, culling, and awareness, complemented by research and government interventions. In order to protect both people and poultry, avian influenza is an example of a One Health issue that calls for cooperation between veterinarians, farmers, researchers, public health organizations, and the community.

Sugarcane, traditionally valued for sugar production, is now emerging as a key bioenergy crop in the transition towards greener and more sustainable energy systems. This article explores the multifaceted role of sugarcane in renewable energy, focusing on its application in producing bioethanol, biogas, and cogenerated electricity. Sugarcane?s high biomass yield and photosynthetic efficiency make it a carbon-neutral energy source with the potential to replace fossil fuels. The utilization of its by-products such as bagasse, press mud, and molasses in integrated bio-refineries exemplifies a circular economy model, enhancing energy self-sufficiency and minimizing environmental impact. The article highlights successful global practices, particularly in Brazil and India, and discusses the Indian government's supportive policies like the Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme and SATAT initiative. Challenges such as water use, input intensity, and land-use conflicts are acknowledged, with a focus on climate-smart agriculture and second-generation biofuel technologies as solutions. Overall, sugarcane presents a sustainable pathway for clean energy, rural development, and environmental protection.

Agriculture is no longer just about farming it is increasingly becoming a platform for innovation, business, and rural development. With the rise of agri-entrepreneurship, rural youth are stepping forward as change-makers, blending traditional knowledge with modern techniques to create sustainable livelihoods. This article explores how young people in rural areas are redefining agriculture through entrepreneurship, the opportunities and challenges they face, and the potential impact on food security, rural employment, and economic growth.

Stored cereals and pulses are vital for ensuring food and nutritional security, yet they are highly vulnerable to insect pest infestations. Post-harvest losses attributed to storage pests range between 5?30% worldwide, with more severe impacts in tropical and subtropical regions. The major insect groups involved are Coleoptera (weevils, borers, beetles) and Lepidoptera (moths), which cause both quantitative and qualitative grain losses. This review consolidates findings from multiple studies on pest diversity, damage mechanisms, and management approaches. Emphasis is given to chemical, botanical, and physical methods, as well as the integration of these strategies into sustainable Integrated Pest Management (IPM) systems. The article concludes by highlighting research gaps and policy recommendations to mitigate storage losses.

IoT-driven smart feeding systems are transforming precision aquaculture by integrating sensors, automation, and AI to deliver optimized feeding strategies. These systems monitor fish behaviour, biomass, and environmental parameters in real time, enabling automated feed adjustments that improve feed conversion ratios, growth rates, and profitability while reducing waste and environmental impact. Technologies such as computer vision, acoustic sensing, and intelligent precision feeding frameworks provide species-specific, adaptive feeding solutions. Integration with farm management systems further enhances operational efficiency and sustainability. Future developments will focus on multimodal data fusion, edge computing, and cost-effective solutions for broader adoption in diverse aquaculture settings.

Aquaculture plays a crucial role in global food security and economic growth. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have introduced innovative solutions to improve production, efficiency, and sustainability in this sector. Applications include fish health management, dietary supplementation with nutraceuticals, seafood processing and preservation, and water treatment. These technologies not only enhance growth and quality but also help reduce the environmental impact of aquaculture operations. This review highlights the current applications, future prospects, and governance issues related to nanomaterials in aquaculture, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize the industry while ensuring safety, sustainability, and long-term viability.

Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a significant technological advancement, changing the shape of our lives. In this article, we explain how artificial intelligence works and how it is currently applied in veterinary medicine. Currently, AI plays a key role in enhancing healthcare by cutting costs, boosting efficiency, improving treatment outcomes, enabling early disease detection, supporting diagnostics, advancing medical imaging, aiding drug development, monitoring health trends, streamlining vaccine delivery and predictive analytics. These applications have the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy, identify patients at risk for certain diseases, and personalize treatment plans. As AI technology continues to advance, it is our hope that this will translate to a better quality of life for animals and those who care for them.

Aging is a universal biological process that affects all living organisms. New findings in cellular and molecular biology show that aging is not just a passive decline. It?s an active process and is highly regulated. It includes key pathways like mTOR, sirtuins, and NAD? metabolism. This article looks at new interventions that aim to delay aging and extend healthspan by targeting specific pathways. Traditional Indian medicine, particularly Ayurveda, has long advocated practices for promoting longevity. Here, we examine how modern science is beginning to support these ancient ideas and how Indian labs are playing a pivotal role in helping the world understand and alter the biology of aging.

Forest farming, a form of agroforestry, is a sustainable agricultural practice that integrates trees with other high-value crops. Sustainable soil enrichment is essential for the success of forest farming, where ensuring both productivity and ecological balance depends on the complex interactions between plants and diverse soil microbial communities. The use of microbial biofertilizers and biostimulants offers a sustainable, eco-friendly strategy to enhance soil health and stimulate plant growth by improving nutrient availability, strengthening tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and reducing dependence on synthetic chemicals. Biofertilizers including nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing microbes, and mycorrhizal fungi play a key role in nutrient cycling. Furthermore, the microbes or microbial consortia involved in organic matter decomposition and carbon sequestration contribute to improving soil health and formation of beneficial soil structures. Likewise, biostimulants such as microbial consortia, protein-based compounds, compost, and humic substances enhance soil microbial activity, encourage root development, and improve overall plant vigor. Incorporating these biological amendments into forest farming promotes long-term soil fertility, fosters biodiversity, and strengthens ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and water retention. This strategy supports sustainable land management, providing an effective means to boost productivity while safeguarding the integrity of forest ecosystem. This article highlights the role of different microbes in forest farming and the effect of application of different biofertlizers and biostimulants on growth and development of various tree crops under normal as well stress conditions.

Micronutrients are essential for optimal growth and productivity in plantation crops such as tea, coffee, rubber and coconut. These elements, including zinc, iron, manganese, copper, boron and molybdenum, serve as cofactors in enzymatic reactions and play critical roles in photosynthesis, nutrient assimilation and stress response mechanisms. Deficiencies disrupt metabolic pathways, leading to physiological disorders that compromise yield and crop quality. Scientific studies demonstrate that targeted micronutrient management-through soil amendments, foliar applications and precision fertilization, can significantly enhance nutrient use efficiency. Research indicates that optimized micronutrient regimens increase productivity by 15-30% while reducing environmental impacts associated with conventional fertilization. This synthesis highlights the importance of evidence-based micronutrient strategies to address the unique nutritional demands of perennial cropping systems under changing climatic conditions.

This article endorses the critical role of millets in developing climate-resilient agriculture and ensuring global food security. Climate change presents substantial threats to conventional farming practices through rising temperatures and erratic weather patterns. Millets, a diverse group of small-seeded grains, offer a sustainable solution due to their inherent ability to withstand drought, thrive in poor soils and contribute to lower greenhouse gas emissions. Beyond their agronomic benefits, millets are highly nutritious, rich in fiber and micronutrients helping combat malnutrition. The article highlights the importance of policy support and promotion to overcome existing challenges in cultivation and consumer awareness. Ultimately, a multi-faceted approach is essential to integrate millets into mainstream food systems, fostering a more sustainable and food-secure future.

Biofertilizers play a crucial role in sustainable paddy cultivation by enhancing soil fertility and reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers. Nitrogen-fixing biofertilizers like Azospirillum, Azotobacter, and Blue-Green Algae improve nitrogen availability, boosting yields by 10-30%. Phosphorus and potassium solubilizers, such as Pseudomonas and Bacillus mucilaginosus, convert locked nutrients into plant-available forms, increasing productivity by up to 50%. Organic matter decomposers like Trichoderma accelerate nutrient cycling and improve soil health. Applied through seed treatment, root dipping, or soil mixing, biofertilizers offer eco-friendly solutions for higher yields, cost savings, and environmental protection. Their adoption supports sustainable rice farming for future generations.

Cultivated meat, also known as lab-grown or cell-cultured meat, is an emerging food technology that offers a sustainable and ethical alternative to conventional meat production. It is produced by culturing animal cells in controlled environments, it promises significant environmental benefits, including reductions of up to 92% in carbon emissions, 95% in land use and 76% in water consumption when by using renewable energy sources. This technology also holds economic potential, with the ability to generate billions in revenue and create thousands of jobs globally, though adoption in developing nations like India remains in developing stages. Despite its versatile advantages, the sector faces challenges related to regulatory approval, production scalability, cost reduction and consumer acceptance. Pioneering markets such as Singapore have established regulatory pathways, while other regions are still adapting policies to accommodate novel food technologies. Technical hurdles such as cell line stability, contamination control and bioprocess optimization must be addressed to ensure product quality and safety. Consumer perceptions, altered by factors such as safety, taste and environmental impact, will be crucial to market integration, with projections suggesting cultivated meat could comprise up to 35% of global meat production by 2040. This article reviews the environmental, economic, regulatory, technical, and socio-cultural dimensions of cultivated meat, highlighting its potential to transform the global protein supply while underscoring the need for continued research, innovation and public engagement to overcome existing barriers.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing agriculture by enhancing productivity, sustainability, and efficiency. Through machine learning, computer vision, robotics, and IoTbased smart farming, AI enables precision agriculture, automated monitoring, and datadriven decision-making. Key applications include crop health assessment, pest detection, yield prediction, soil analysis, and autonomous farming equipment. AI-driven solutions optimize resource use, reduce environmental impact, and improve crop management, addressing challenges such as climate change and food security. Despite challenges like high implementation costs and data limitations, AI holds immense potential in transforming modern agriculture into a smarter, more resilient industry. This paper explores AI?s role in agriculture, its benefits, challenges, and future prospects.

The Kandi region of Punjab, a semi-mountainous zone along the Shivalik foothills, faces significant agricultural challenges due to its uneven terrain, erratic rainfall, water scarcity, and poor soil fertility. These factors hinder traditional crop cultivation and contribute to frequent droughts and delayed sowing seasons. However, the region holds substantial potential for agricultural diversification through the adoption of climate-resilient crops, modern irrigation systems, soil conservation, and organic farming. Enhanced extension services, financial support, and access to technology are critical to empowering local farmers. A region-specific crop diversification model, including cereals, pulses, fruits, vegetables, fodder, and medicinal plants, can improve sustainability and productivity. Complementary activities like agroforestry and livestock farming can further strengthen farmer incomes.

Chandipura virus is a Rhabdovirus that has recently emerged as an important pathogen. In the year 2024, the virus affected over 100 people in Gujrat area of India. The fact that there is no vaccine or antiviral approved for use further worsens the scenario. In this article, we present the virion properties, transmission, epidemiology, treatment and control strategies for Chandipura virus.

The excellent nutritional profile of barnyard millet makes it a nutrient-dense cereal grain with several health advantages. It is a good source of dietary fiber, comprising both soluble and insoluble portions that aid in digestion and promote satiety. A great food for people trying to manage mineral shortages, barnyard millet is also high in important minerals like calcium, iron, and phosphorus. Its low glycemic index and high fiber content contribute to its potential in regulating blood sugar levels and promoting cardiovascular health. Antioxidants and polyphenols found in barnyard millet also aid in preventing inflammation and oxidative stress.It is a desirable element for the creation of food products that promote health, like functional ice cream, because of its nutritional advantages. People can benefit from barnyard millet's nutritional qualities while savouring a tasty and nutritious pleasure by adding it to food compositions. With a variety of nutritional advantages that promote general health and wellbeing, barnyard millet is an excellent supplement to a balanced diet. Its versatility and nutritional profile make it a good choice for promoting healthy eating habits (Amirtha et al., 2021).