Plant diseases are a major threat to global agricultural productivity and food security. Traditional methods of disease detection, relying on visual inspections and manual scouting, are time-consuming, subjective, and often inadequate for early-stage diagnosis. In response, image sensing technologies have emerged as innovative, non-invasive tools capable of detecting and managing plant diseases with high accuracy and efficiency. This review explores the principles, types, and applications of image sensing in plant disease management, focusing on imaging modalities such as Red, Green, Blue, multispectral, hyperspectral, thermal, and fluorescence imaging. These technologies, especially when integrated with artificial intelligence and machine learning, allow for early detection, disease classification, spatial mapping, and targeted treatment, supporting precision agriculture. Despite their potential, challenges such as high costs, technical complexity, environmental variability, and the need for standardized datasets hinder widespread adoption. Looking forward, advancements in artificial intelligence, edge computing, and mobile-based platforms, along with institutional support and farmer training, are expected to drive the scalable and sustainable use of image sensing in modern plant pathology.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious mental health disorder that affects a significant proportion of women following childbirth. Characterized by persistent sadness, emotional numbness, anxiety, and difficulties in bonding with the infant, PPD can have long-lasting effects on both maternal and child well-being. This article explores the psychological, hormonal, and social contributors to postpartum depression, including sleep deprivation, lack of social support, and pre-existing mental health conditions. Despite its high prevalence, stigma and lack of awareness continue to hinder early diagnosis and treatment. Emphasizing the need for open conversation, accessible support systems, and early intervention, the article advocates for a more compassionate and informed approach to maternal mental health. Breaking the silence surrounding PPD is essential to protect the emotional health of mothers and promote positive developmental outcomes for children.