The growing demand for enzymes to create specific products with unique characteristics is evident in the global industrial enzyme market, which was valued at approximately US $3.0 billion in 2008. Microbial enzymes play a vital role in developing milk and dairy products with innovative physical and functional properties in the food industry. Native milk enzymes can be used in various ways during processing, such as monitoring the thermal treatment of milk and enhancing consumer health and food safety by preventing bacterial contamination and growth. In dairy food applications, enzymes like protease are used to reduce the allergic properties of bovine milk products, while lipase helps improve the flavor of cheese.

The significance of mutations in enhancing crop species is essential, as they augment genetic variability and facilitate the creation of robust crop cultivars. The practice of mutation breeding, which encompasses the intentional introduction of mutations, has resulted in considerable progress in agricultural yield and food security. This approach not only enhances quantitative characteristics but also improves the nutritional attributes of crops, thereby increasing their resilience to diverse environmental challenges. The subsequent sections will elucidate critical dimensions of mutation breeding.

The floriculture sector has seen tremendous technological shifts in recent years due to technological advancements that have increased productivity, sustainability, and efficiency. This research paper examines the contribution of innovations in automation, precision agriculture, smart greenhouses, and genetic modification to flower-farming process transformation. Automation has minimized labour costs while, concurrently, enhancing the efficiency of harvesting, thus making flower farming cost-effective. Alternatively, precision agriculture techniques, such as the application of drones and sensors, have facilitated the real-time monitoring of crop health and resource consumption, thus enhancing agricultural efficiency. In addition, the integration of artificial intelligence and climate control equipment in smart greenhouses maximizes growing conditions and reduces energy consumption. In addition, genetic engineering techniques have facilitated the production of flower varieties that are disease-resistant and tolerant to varied climatic conditions, thus ensuring consistent production irrespective of the environment. These technological advancements not only enhance flower production but also reduce the environmental impact of flower farming by conserving water resources, minimizing the application of pesticides and fertilizers, and enhancing energy efficiency. However, issues such as the high initial capital outlays and the necessity for continued adaptation remain common. However, the future of the floriculture industry is bright, with future technological advancements likely to enhance sustainability and productivity further. This article outlines the major technological trends in floriculture and examines the potential contribution of these trends to satisfying the increasing global demand for high-quality, environmentally sustainable flowers.