Sericulture generates large volumes of valuable by-products, particularly silkworm pupae, litter, reeling effluents and plant waste, collectively termed seri-waste. These by-products possess immense nutritional, medicinal and industrial potential, making sericulture a sustainable, zero-waste enterprise. Silkworm pupae are rich in high-quality proteins, essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer and metabolic health benefits. Their oils contain beneficial unsaturated fatty acids, while larvae and excreta support biogas production, organic farming and compost enrichment. With the rising global demand for eco-friendly food and agricultural resources, the efficient utilisation of seri-waste offers a promising avenue for enhancing food security, environmental sustainability and rural livelihoods.

The integration of mechanical innovation and digital sensor systems has transformed agricultural productivity and operational efficiency. This review synthesizes contemporary research focusing on three major domains: performance optimization of agricultural machinery, development of digital tachometers for RPM measurement, and comparative evaluations of sensor technologies. Studies indicate significant improvements in fuel economy, reduced crop damage, and accurate, non-contact RPM detection through sensormicrocontroller integration. The review highlights future directions such as IoT-based sensor networks and enhanced digital monitoring for sustainable agricultural mechanization.

Chrysanthemum, a time-honoured flower, is admired not only for its vibrant beauty as an ornamental plant but also for its therapeutic, edible and industrial applications, particularly in East Asian traditional medicine. Its delicate blooms are rich in health-promoting compounds, extending its relevance from ancient remedies to modern wellness products. In Eastern cultures, the chrysanthemum is also a cherished symbol of wealth, good fortune, longevity, and happiness.