Agricultural stubble burning in rice-wheat growing regions generates 7,300 kg CO? emissions per hectare while severely degrading air quality and soil health. This article examines wheat and rice straw utilization for oyster mushroom (Pleurotus species) cultivation as a sustainable alternative. Evidence demonstrates biological efficiencies of 60-85% when substrates are supplemented with nitrogen-rich materials, generating gross revenues of 120,000-250,000 Indian Rupees per 100 m? annually for smallholder farmers. Spent mushroom substrate application enhances soil health through nutrient recycling and organic matter addition. This integrated approach simultaneously addresses environmental degradation, food security, farmer income, and climate change mitigation across major cereal-producing regions.