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Marine turtles, despite their global distribution and ecological significance, face severe threats to their populations, primarily due to human activities such as illegal trade, habitat destruction, and incidental capture in fishing gear. Over the past three decades, the protection and conservation of sea turtles, particularly in India, have garnered increasing attention from government bodies, NGOs, and the public. However, incidental capture in fishing gear, particularly in trawl nets, poses a significant threat to turtle populations. Trawling, which indiscriminately captures non-target species, often leads to high mortality rates in sea turtles, with drownings and traumatic injuries occurring during capture. To mitigate this issue, the Turtle Excluder Device (TED) was developed, which allows large marine animals, including sea turtles, to escape from trawl nets unharmed. This review highlights the importance of TEDs in sea turtle conservation and the need for continued efforts to integrate selective fishing practices to protect endangered marine species.

The methodical process of looking over, classifying, and analyzing unprocessed data in order to get valuable insights and aid in decision-making is known as data analysis. Data collection, cleansing, investigation, transformation, and visualization are some of the procedures involved. Methods range from sophisticated machine learning models to simple descriptive statistics. In a variety of industries, including business, healthcare, agriculture, and finance, data analysis aids in trend identification, hypothesis testing, and outcome optimization.

Bark eating caterpiller (Indarbela spp.) is a polyphagous wood boring insect, attacking a verity of tree species in India. This pest is a serious in horticultural plantation of mango, guava, litchi, pomegrantes, Jumun etc in several parts of India. and Asia pacific region. Because of its devastating nature, it is considered as national significance. Inelarbela terraonis (Moore) and Inderbela quadrinota (walker) have bee recorded boring the bark and feeding inside older trees and the trees in orchards that are not well maintained are more prone to these pests. Peak activity period of this post is September to October. From the management point of view, clean orchards and avoiding overwintering of trees can help to minimise the attack of this pest. In case of severe infestation, the spot application of insecticides can be effectively protected the fruit trees and enhance the yield.

Special issue on the occasion of 7th International Conference on Advances in Agriculture Technology And Allied Sciences (ICAATAS 2024) Organized by the Society Of Agriculture Research And Social Development (New Delhi) & Southern Federal University, Rostov-On-Don, Russia [15-16 Sept, 2024 (Neotia University, West Bengal-Online/Offline Mode)]

Rejuvenation pruning is a critical practice in fruit crop management, aimed at revitalizing aging trees and enhancing productivity. This technique involves significant removal of older wood to stimulate new growth and improve fruit quality (Ushkempirova et al., 2023). Rejuvenation pruning is one of the major field practices required in horticulture, since it helps economically efficient use of older fruit trees. This technique enhances tree vigor, fruit quality as well as encourages new growth by purposefully removing unproductive branches. All that aside, rejuvenation pruning tackles the issue of national fruit production and significantly the economy. We look deeper into its benefits at various fronts.

Crop modelling offers a powerful framework for unravelling the intricacies of insect pest behaviour. By integrating scientific insights with practical applications, we can foster resilient agricultural systems that thrive in harmony with nature. Advanced insect pest modelling plays a pivotal role in optimizing crop protection strategies for sustainable agriculture. Advanced insect pest modelling plays a pivotal role in optimizing crop protection strategies for sustainable agriculture. By leveraging innovative technologies and predictive analytics, we can enhance Resilience against pest threats and safeguard global food security. Increase the efficiency of agricultural research and management and improve efficiency and environmental quality.

Plant fungal pathogens significantly threaten global agriculture, leading to major crop losses. Bacillus-produced lipopeptides, including surfactins, iturins, and fengycins, offer an ecofriendly solution to plant fungal pathogens by disrupting fungal membranes, inhibiting biofilms, and enhancing plant immunity. Used in seed treatments, foliar sprays, and soil amendments, these biodegradable, non-toxic compounds control diseases like Fusarium wilt and anthracnose, reducing reliance on chemical fungicides. While challenges like field variability and formulation stability exist, advances in biotechnology are driving their broader adoption, supporting sustainable agriculture and environmental health.

Santalum album L. is an evergreen hemi-parasitic tree renowned for its fragrant heartwood. It is indigenous to India and distributed in 9,600 km2, mostly in the deciduous forests of Deccan region of Peninsular India (Gairola et al., 2008). More than 90 per cent of its natural population of India is in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu (Dutt and Verma, 2005). Sandalwood is semi parasite in nature hence it is depends on the host species for haustorialm connection to absorb nutrient and water. Successful establishment of haustorial connection leads to better growth of the sandal seedlings. Different host species were selected at different stages of the sandalwood growth mainly primary host, intermediate and long-term host therefore silviculture of host plant is most critical for successful Sandalwood plantation.

Ecosystem restoration is essential for reversing biodiversity loss and mitigating climate change. The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) offer a global roadmap for these efforts. By aligning national strategies with these frameworks and fostering international collaboration, we can create a sustainable future for both nature and humanity. This article highlights global strategies, lessons from past biodiversity targets, and key requirements for integrating restoration into National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs).

Coconuts are celebrated worldwide for their versatility, but not all coconuts are created equal. Among the many varieties, the aromatic coconut stands out as a prized gem. Renowned for its distinct fragrance, sweet flavour, and tender meat, this coconut variety has captivated the hearts of farmers, chefs, and health enthusiasts alike. This variety is characterized by the presence of specific volatile compounds, particularly 2-acetyl-1- pyrroline (2AP), which significantly contribute to its aromatic profile (Pooprasert et al., 2019). Research has identified key terpenoids and genes involved in the biosynthesis of these aromatic compounds, enhancing the understanding of their formation during fruit development (Zhou et al., 2024). From its culinary applications to its cultural significance, the aromatic coconut is more than just a fruit?it's a testament to nature's ability to surprise and delight.

Marine fisheries exhibit a critical role in global food security by providing essential protein for billions, particularly in developing nations. Sustainability of marine ecosystem is threatened by variety of factors such as overfishing, habitat degradation, pollution, climate change, etc. El Nino, a recurring climatic event characterized by ocean-atmosphere interactions in the Pacific, significantly impacts marine ecosystems. This phenomenon alters sea surface temperatures, ocean currents, and upwelling processes, disrupting food availability and habitats for marine species. It leads to reduced rainfall, altered ocean circulation, and impacts on marine biodiversity and fisheries, such as declines in fish catches. With climate change expected to increase the frequency and severity of El Nino events, adaptive management strategies are essential to mitigate its effects on marine ecosystems, fisheries, and biodiversity.

Climate change significantly influences plant disease dynamics, increasing the frequency and intensity of outbreaks. Historical events, such as the Irish Potato Famine and Bengal Famine, highlight the devastating impacts of plant diseases under conducive environmental conditions. Modern climate variability, including rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and increased atmospheric CO2 levels, alters host-pathogen interactions and exacerbates disease severity. This article discusses these challenges and their impact on plant diseases dynamics. It also explains ways to manage these challenges using chemical, biotechnological, biological, technological, and cultural methods. By integrating forecasting tools and sustainable practices, these methods aim to strengthen resilience against climate-induced plant diseases and support farmers in mitigating their impact effectively.

Sandal (Santalum album L.) a valuable tree species belonging to the family Santalaceae is the most precious tree species with high commercial value in Indian culture and heritage (Srinivasan et al., 1992). S. album is an evergreen species capable to flourish well under variety of soils and climatic conditions under annual rainfall of 600-1600 mm and an altitude upto 1200 m. It attains a height of 10-15m and 1-2m girth at full maturity (Jain et al., 1999). India produces 400 tons of Sandalwood which contributes to only ten per cent at global level, while the global demand for Sandalwood production is approximately 5000-6000 tons/year. At present Indian Sandalwood oil market price is 2.5 to 3 lakh rupees per kg and heartwood rate is 9,500 Rs /kg (Anon., 2020). Due to the high value of oil and timber, S. album has been central among the all Sandalwood species in the aspect of research. Currently most of the world demand of sandalwood is supplied from Australia using S. spicatum known as Australian sandalwood.

Plants have developed diverse defense mechanisms to protect against pests, with secondary metabolites playing a critical role. These organic compounds, not directly involved in primary metabolism, act as natural pesticides, toxins, or deterrents, reducing herbivory and pathogen invasion. Secondary metabolites include alkaloids, phenolics, terpenoids, and glucosinolates, each contributing uniquely to plant defense. For instance, alkaloids disrupt herbivore nervous systems, phenolics deter feeding, terpenoids serve as toxins and attract beneficial predators, while glucosinolates release toxic compounds upon tissue damage. These defenses are part of an evolutionary arms race between plants and herbivores, driving adaptations on both sides. As concerns over synthetic pesticides grow, secondary metabolites offer promising avenues for sustainable pest management in agriculture.

The Global Youth Tobacco Survey indicates that approximately 5,500 youth in India start using tobacco daily, underscoring the urgency to address smoking habits among adolescents. Furthermore, the prevalence of smoking among college students in various studies ranges from 8.7% to 22.4%, indicating an alarming trend of tobacco use among youth. These statistics highlight the need for interventions aimed at preventing smoking initiation and promoting cessation among students. This study intends to discuss the transition of student interest from library to smoking areas and its impact on student behavior.

Muga silk, a distinctive golden silk indigenous to Assam, India, is produced by the Antheraea assamensis silkworms and is celebrated for its unparalleled durability, natural sheen, and cultural significance. This study explores the unique characteristics, production processes, export potential, and socio-economic impact of Muga silk. Its cultivation relies on traditional methods, where silkworms are reared on Som and Soalu plants. The silk is known for its natural golden hue, remarkable longevity, and luxurious texture, making it highly sought after in global markets. Challenges in export include maintaining quality, navigating trade regulations, and competing with other silks like mulberry and tasar. Muga silk contributes significantly to the local economy, providing livelihoods, promoting cultural heritage, and supporting environmentally sustainable practices. An analysis of the economic benefit-cost ratio (BCR) highlights its long-term socio-economic and environmental benefits, demonstrating its profitability and sustainability. Strategies for improving BCR, such as technological innovations, government support, and value addition, are discussed. This research underscores Muga silk?s potential to thrive as a luxury textile, balancing cultural preservation with modern market demands.

The Increasing environmental challenges posed by synthetic surfactants, which are derived from petrochemical sources, necessitate the development of more sustainable alternatives. Biosurfactants, natural compounds produced by microorganisms, offer significant advantages over traditional surfactants, including biodegradability, non-toxicity, and lower environmental impact. They are widely used in various industries, including cosmetics, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and wastewater treatment, due to their ability to effectively lower surface and interfacial tensions. In textile processing, biosurfactants show promise in emulsifying, wetting, and enhancing the removal of oils and dyes from fabrics. Additionally, their use in the textile dyeing industry helps improve dye solubility and reduce the environmental impact of dyeing processes. Strategies to optimize biosurfactant production, such as nutrient management and genetic engineering, are essential for their cost-effective, large-scale application. Biosurfactants, with their multifunctional properties and environmental benefits, are poised to play a key role in reducing the reliance on harmful chemical surfactants and contributing to more sustainable industrial practices.

Global food security faces significant challenges due to climate change and rapid population growth, which threaten the stability and sustainability of food systems worldwide. With the global population projected to reach 10 billion by 2050, ensuring access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food has become increasingly complex. Climate change exacerbates this challenge by altering weather patterns, intensifying extreme weather events, and disrupting agricultural productivity. This article examines the multifaceted impact of climate change on agriculture, including crop yields, water availability, soil health, and pest pressures, along with its effects on livestock and fisheries. Additionally, rising global food demand, driven by population growth, urbanization, and dietary shifts, places further strain on agricultural systems and natural resources. To address these challenges, the article explores adaptive strategies such as technological advancements in agriculture, sustainable farming practices, and policy interventions. International cooperation, innovation in climate-resilient crops, and investments in sustainable food systems are essential to safeguarding food security in the face of an unpredictable climate. By adopting a holistic, interdisciplinary approach, the global community can mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change and ensure long-term food security for a growing population.

The term "Green Revolution" refers to a series of technical agricultural research projects that began in the 1940s and 1960s and raised agricultural output globally. The green revolution had great success with agricultural production and food varieties. However, the Green Revolution has some negative effects on the environment in addition to its positive ones. Deforestation, declining water resources due to pollution and salinity, loss of biodiversity, increased greenhouse gas emissions and global warming, and an increase in human and livestock diseases are some of the negative effects of farmers using agricultural technologies excessively to ensure the success of the Green Revolution. Other negative effects include land degradation, such as loss of soil fertility, soil erosion, and soil toxicity; and deforestation. This present article highlights the negative impacts of green revolution in India.

One of the main causes of environmental pollution is the textile sector, which is essential for feeding the world's growing population. Innovative textile auxiliaries and eco-friendly materials are in high demand as consumer awareness of sustainability grows. This article explores the latest developments in textile auxiliaries, which are essential for improving sustainability and functionality across the textile manufacturing process. One of the main areas of innovation is the creation of bio-based, environmentally friendly substances made from renewable resources. These substances take the place of conventional chemical agents that are known to have harmful effects on the environment. Additionally, developments in nanotechnology have made it possible to add nanoparticles to fabrics, giving them improved qualities like water resistance, stain resistance and antibacterial activity without sacrificing comfort. There is discussion of important breakthroughs including digital printing methods, smart textiles, sustainable dyeing and finishing procedures and improved performance finishes. Furthermore, the importance of auxiliaries is highlighted in the textile industry's recycling and circular economy promotion. With a focus on sustainable practices and renewable resources, the future of textile auxiliaries appears to be full of innovation that will eventually turn the textile sector into one that is more efficient and responsible.

Agronomic practices, such as variety selection, planting materials, seed rates, land preparation, and harvesting techniques, highly influence the cultivation of turmeric (Curcuma longa).Variety selection is important as it depends on the local climatic and soil conditions. In the higher altitudes of Andhra Pradesh, varieties like PTS-55, BSR-1, and PTS-11are performing well. Alleppey finger, Sangali, Rajapore, Nizamabad Bulb, Duggirala, Kasturi, Armoor, Chaya are grown in Andhra Pradesh. Mother rhizomes are recommended over finger rhizomes due to their higher reserves, yielding better crop growth and development. The ideal sowing rate is between 1000 and 1500 kg/ha depending on region and plant conditions. Some rhizome treatments with fungicides and growth promoters like mancozeb, KH2PO4, and GA3 have been found to yield better results. Land preparation is generally done with several ploughings, though ridge and furrow planting are mostly ideal for cultural practices. The planting time coincides with the starting of southwest monsoon, usually between the months of April and August. Late sowing reduces the risk of leaf blotch and ensures better yield. Spacing is also a factor: it varies depending on soil and cultivar and closer spacing gives better results without a compromise in quality. Harvesting is normally performed 7-9 months from planting, depending on the cultivar, and can be done manually or mechanically where mechanical harvesting offers efficiency and minimizing damage. In general, these Agronomic Practice ensure there is improved yield and quality of turmeric crops in most regions.

Cannibalism in insects is a diverse behavioral phenomenon, encompassing intra and interspecific interactions, in which insects consume members of their own or other species. This behavior is driven by different factors like nutritional stress, territorial disputes, reproductive strategies and survival tactics. Cannibalism is reported in insects of various orders like Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Blattodea etc., This behaviour has significant implications on the dynamics of insect populations influencing competition, predation pressures and overall ecosystem functioning. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary drivers of insect cannibalism can provide deeper insights into insect behaviour, resource allocation and species interaction within ecosystem.