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This article examines the invasion of Charru mussel (Mytella strigata, Hanley, 1843) in the Ennore wetlands of Tamil Nadu, India, highlighting the significant ecological and economic threats posed by this invasive species. Ecologically, the mussels displace native species, alter benthic communities, reduce biodiversity, and filter large volumes of water, which may lead to harmful algal blooms and oxygen depletion. Economically, the invasion disrupts local fisheries by reducing shrimp populations and making fish more difficult to catch, threatening the livelihoods of fishers. The invasion likely resulted from ballast water discharge from ships, weak regulations, and inadequate Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs). Potential solutions include stricter ballast water regulations, improved EIAs, manual removal, the introduction of natural predators, community monitoring, and advocacy for stronger policies. Immediate action is crucial to prevent irreversible ecological damage and economic losses for the local fishing communities.

A crucial leguminous crop recognized for its high nutritional content and capacity to improve soil is black gram, also referred to as urad bean. Its sensitivity to changes in moisture and temperature makes it difficult to cultivate in the summer without special techniques. Choosing heat-tolerant and early-maturing cultivars, deep plowing, and adding organic matter to improve soil fertility and water retention are important tactics. To guarantee consistent germination and the establishment of seedlings, precision sowing techniques like line sowing and ideal seed depth are used. Water management is essential, utilizing effective technologies like sprinklers or drip irrigation as well as irrigation scheduling. Common summertime pests and illnesses are addressed with integrated pest management techniques, which include biological control agents, resistant cultivars, and low-chemical insecticides. During the crop's growth phases, balanced fertilizers with both macro- and micronutrients are given to satisfy the unique demands of the crop. Timely harvesting to prevent losses from over-ripening or insect damage, along with appropriate storage methods to preserve seed quality, are all part of post-harvest management. In order to cultivate black gram in the summertime with high productivity and sustainability, a comprehensive strategy including crop management, soil health, water conservation, insect control, and nutrient management is needed.

Soil metagenomics, the study of the collective genomes of soil microorganisms, addresses limitations in traditional culture-dependent methods by using culture-independent sequencing technologies. This field directly investigates microbial diversity, functional activities, and community structure in soil settings using methods including shotgun sequencing and high-throughput sequencing. To learn more about the roles that the soil microbiome plays in nutrient cycle and soil health, the procedure includes DNA extraction, sequencing, data processing, taxonomic classification, and functional annotation. Its uses in agriculture have revolutionized the field, especially in improving biological nitrogen fixation by targeted microbial insights and increasing crop output by controlling biotic stress. These advances support sustainable farming practices and promote soil health.

Soil health assessment plays a pivotal role in sustainable agricultural practices, ensuring optimal crop productivity and environmental stewardship. Soil health cards has revolutionized this process by providing farmers with valuable insights into their soil's condition, enabling informed decision-making and targeted interventions. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the soil health care system, focusing on its key components and impact on agricultural practices. The soil health card incorporates various parameters including physical, chemical, and biological properties, offering a holistic view of soil fertility and quality. Key indicators such as pH, organic carbon content, nutrient levels, and microbial activity are assessed, providing a baseline for soil management strategies. Through the integration of modern technologies such as GIS and remote sensing, spatial variability in soil health parameters is captured, facilitating site-specific recommendations. Furthermore, the implementation of soil health cards has led to enhanced adoption of soil conservation practices and improved resource management. By empowering farmers with personalized recommendations tailored to their specific soil conditions, the efficiency of inputs such as fertilizers and irrigation water is optimized, minimizing environmental impact, and maximizing economic returns. In conclusion, soil health cards serve as invaluable tools in promoting sustainable agricultural practices and enhancing soil productivity. By facilitating data-driven decision-making and promoting the adoption of best management practices, they contribute to the long-term resilience of agroecosystems. Continued research and innovation in soil health assessment methodologies are essential to further refine the effectiveness of soil health cards and ensure their widespread adoption for improved agricultural sustainability.

Sustainability of fish resources and related activities means protection of the fish stocks, the ecology and the marine environment in general through the implementation of resource sensitive measures such as closures during breeding times and use of selective fish gear. Sustainable development aspects include Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) and Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) which is species targeted and low to zero emissions fishing. Economical management of marine resources- ecosystems based fisheries management (EBFM) increases sustainability since it takes into consideration the entire ecological system. Strategies designed within the frame of EBFM restore the ecosystem, increase climate change mitigation and adaptation, provide food assurance and are employed in ethical and sustainable long-lasting fishing.

Soil Management and Conservation method as a powerful cure for soil contamination. Microbial activities play an important part in maintaining ecological balance; however, changes in land-use have a direct impact on soil biota, including floral and fauna components. The entry of contaminants into the soil from a variety of sources, including agrochemicals, petrochemicals, landfills, sludge, effluents, and so on, increases the amount of heavy metals in the deposits, deteriorating the soil and polluting the groundwater. Integrating soil management methods to increase biodiversity and reinforce microbial activities improves soil ecology, producing a buffer against harmful pollutants.

Practicing Tasar sericulture in the state of Odisha dates to time immemorial. It represents not only an age-old tradition but also has a pivotal socio-economic significance as it is the crucial avenue for sustainable livelihoods and financial empowerment particularly for the forest residing tribal communities. This article throw light on the Tasar silk production in the region with respect to its history, current trends, challenges, possible innovations, and future expectations. It also provides an information regarding the practices of silkworm rearing, silk production process and influence of governmental and other socio-economic factors on this sector.

Weed management is a critical challenge in rainfed agriculture, where limited water availability amplifies competition between crops and weeds for essential resources. Traditional weed control methods, such as manual weeding or blanket herbicide application, are labour-intensive, environmentally harmful, and often ineffective in preventing herbicide resistance. Precision agriculture offers innovative solutions by integrating advanced technologies for efficient, targeted weed management. Key tools include remote sensing via satellites and drones, variable rate technology (VRT) for site-specific herbicide application, artificial intelligence (AI)-based weed identification, and autonomous weeding robots. These technologies enable timely weed detection, conserve water, reduce chemical use, and enhance crop yields. Despite challenges such as high initial costs, technical training requirements, and limited infrastructure in rainfed regions, the adoption of precision technologies has the potential to transform weed control practices. By minimizing resource wastage and mitigating environmental impacts, precision weed management offers a sustainable pathway for improving agricultural productivity and resilience in rainfed systems, ensuring long-term food security under changing climatic conditions. Weeds pose a significant challenge to agricultural productivity, particularly in rainfed farming systems where water availability is naturally limited. These non-crop plants compete with cultivated crops for essential resources such as water, light, nutrients, and space, ultimately reducing crop yield and quality. Conventional weed management strategies rely heavily on chemical herbicides and labour-intensive practices, both of which can harm the environment and lead to herbicide resistance. In response, precision agriculture technologies are emerging as innovative solutions to address weed control efficiently, sustainably, and economically.

Aquaculture become the fastest-growing sector in the world. Out of 223.3 million metric tonnes of total fisheries and aquaculture production, seaweed contribution is about 36.5 million tonnes. Many varieties of seaweeds are now cultured worldwide with species including red seaweed (e.g., Gracilaria, Porphyra), brown seaweed (e.g., Laminaria, Ascophyllum), and green seaweed (e.g., Ulva, formerly Enteromorpha), these species are mainly utilized for the production of many bioactive compounds like Agar, Carrageenan, Alginic acid, polyphenols etc. these products are mainly used in biotechnology, media preparation, preparation of ice-creams and jellies etc. This article discusses the importance and use of seaweed-based bioactive compounds in aquaculture.

Seed certification assures that agricultural seeds fulfil demanding requirements for genetic purity, physical purity and overall quality seed material. The key goals are to give superior quality seed material to farmers that have to be true to type, uncontaminated, and able to grow vigorous and healthy crops. By means of seed certification, seeds are categorized into various classes in order to ensure the genetic integrity, quality, and productivity of different crop varieties. Several certification agencies such are NSC, CSC, NSP, SSC, SIDP and NSDC involved in seed certification to maintain the purity as well as quality seeds for research, multiplication and distribution even OECD also.