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Finding new biological products and activities in natural habitats that have potential biotechnological uses is known as "bioprospecting." Particularly, marine bioprospecting is a systematic search of marine organisms from the sea, along the coast, fjords, seabed, or oil reservoirs beneath the seabed. The process of marine bioprospecting involves search and discovery, beginning with the selection of appropriate environments and sampling methods based on previous information. It continues with the retrieval of biological materials and their proper storage, proceeds through screening for desired attributes such as microbial assemblages, cells, macromolecules, metabolites, or bioactive compounds using an evergrowing toolkit, and culminates in the development of commercial products or processes. This workflow represents a value-adding chain that ends with the addition of products and services responding to societal needs.

Water is an important input in crop production. Before using, the water's suitability for usage needs to be determined by testing its quality. Whether it is pumped from tube wells or diverted from streams, irrigation water contains a sizable amount of dangerous compounds in solution that could lower crop output and can reduce the fertility of the soil. The primary attributes used to evaluate the quality of irrigation water are sodium absorption ratio (SAR), total dissolved solids (TDS), and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and Electrical Conductivity (EC). The water's quality is being declined as a result of the untreated industrial effluent and agricultural saline being disposed of effluents straight into canal water and groundwater. Therefore, determination of the quality of irrigation water is important before applying it to irrigation.

Agrotextiles are advanced textile solutions that play a pivotal role in boosting agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable farming practices. Crafted from natural fibers like coir and jute, as well as synthetic materials, these textiles fulfill diverse functions such as controlling soil erosion, conserving water, and shielding crops from pests and harsh weather. Products like mulch mats, shade nets, insect nets, and erosion control blankets are widely utilized to enhance crop yields, protect plants, and improve soil quality. As the impacts of climate change become more pronounced, agrotextiles are proving essential for farmers, offering vital protection against extreme conditions like frost, drought, and heavy rainfall. By creating favorable microclimates and improving water retention, these textiles help optimize agricultural output under challenging environmental circumstances. Biodegradable agrotextiles provide an eco-friendly alternative to conventional plastic-based materials, significantly reducing the ecological impact of modern farming. Through their multifaceted benefits, agrotextiles not only support sustainable agriculture but also contribute to the resilience of farming systems in the phase of ongoing environmental challenges.

Inland fisheries represent a significant untapped market with substantial potential for contributing to food security, employment, and economic growth. With growing demand for high-quality protein and sustainable food sources, inland fish farming presents opportunities for both local and international markets. This study examines the market potential for inland fish species, focusing on consumer trends, pricing dynamics, and competitive advantages. It explores the benefits of promoting species like catla, rohu, and tilapia, which are in high demand due to their nutritional value, adaptability to different farming conditions, and efficient growth rates.

India, with its extensive coastline of over 7,500 kilometers along the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, has significant potential for seaweed cultivation and harvesting (Reddy et al.,2016). The country is home to a variety of seaweed species, and the sector is gradually gaining attention for its commercial and ecological benefits. Seaweeds are marine algae that grow in oceans and other bodies of saltwater. They play an essential role in the marine ecosystem by producing oxygen, providing food, and offering habitats for marine life.

Michelia champaca, commonly known as Champaca, is a prominent evergreen tree renowned for its fragrant flowers and significant medicinal properties. Originating from Southeast Asia and belonging to the Magnoliaceae family, Michelia champaca holds immense cultural, ornamental, and therapeutic value. This article delves into the multiutility of this remarkable plant, focusing on its botanical characteristics, ecological significance, traditional and modern medicinal applications, economic benefits, and its role in various cultural practices. In doing so, it highlights Michelia champaca's importance in diverse fields such as medicine, perfumery, and sustainable landscaping.

A promising soilless farming method for solving future food crisis is called Aeroponics. The new way of farming method to grow plants which is popular is the aeroponic farming system. Aeroponic farming is a type of vertical farming. Due to this farming system the root zone is controlled with nutrients and water content and also the environmental conditions. These inputs have complete access to the roots throughout the life of the crop. This aeroponic farming is superior to the conventional methods of propagation.

The increase in world's population is accompanied with increase in demand for food. Climate change worsens the situation by making plants more prone to abiotic and biotic stresses. The defense responses produced by plants against various stresses are controlled by the stress responsive genes which in turn are regulated by a number of elements. One such inorganic element that plays an important role in upregulating the expression of stress responsive genes is silicon (Si). The beneficial effects of Si on plant growth are attributed to physical, biochemical and molecular aspects. Application of silicon increases the antioxidant enzymes activities, relative leaf water content, improves ionic homeostasis etc. Si increases the activity of defense-related enzymes, antimicrobial compounds production and regulates systemic signalling pathways. Thus silicon has the ability to improve overall plant performance under stress conditions by working at physiological and molecular levels.

A successful conception in dairy cows and buffaloes was determined by effective and correct time estrus detection and successful artificial insemination or natural service. All the cows and buffaloes presented to the dispensaries and referral centres with the history of estrus for artificial insemination were not in true estrus and not fit for artificial insemination, because they were in mid-cycle estrus. It is one of the recent threats for dairy farm and dairy industry in term of economic loss due to failure of getting pregnant. The present communication elaborate the mid-cycle estrus in dairy cows and buffaloes and strategies to combat it.

Integrating machine learning (ML) algorithms into crop modeling offers a transformative approach to enhancing agricultural systems' predictive accuracy and adaptability amid climate change pressures. This article examines recent advancements in ML applications within crop modeling, emphasizing improvements in real-time monitoring, scenario analysis and climate-resilient strategy development. Key ML methods-including supervised, unsupervised, and deep learning-are explored for analyzing extensive datasets such as remote sensing imagery, meteorological data, and soil properties. These methods enable precise predictions of crop growth and yield, support early detection of climate-induced stressors and allow for simulation of future climate impacts. Additionally, ML-driven optimization of crop management, including planting schedules and resource allocation, fosters effective adaptation strategies, enhancing crop resilience and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Despite these advancements, challenges persist related to data quality, model interpretability and the scalability of ML applications across diverse agricultural settings.

Groundwater, a vital freshwater resource, is crucial for domestic, agricultural, and environmental needs. India is the largest user of groundwater, using 230 cubic kilometres annually for irrigated land and drinking water. Post-Green Revolution agricultural practices have led to depletion and contamination, with water-intensive crops like rice and wheat straining the resource. India's outdated groundwater regulation complicates sustainable management. Recent government initiatives aim to improve water use efficiency and promote sustainable farming. However, effective groundwater management requires stronger laws, coordinated policies, and community participation for long-term sustainability.

Phanerogamic plant parasites, also known as flowering plant parasites, are a complex aspect of plant biology and ecology. These parasitic plants, which belong to various families and genera, derive their nutritional requirements from other living plants. They have evolved strategies to exploit host plants, often forming specialized structures. This interaction impacts the health and growth of host plants and plays a significant role in ecosystem dynamics. Plants can be divided into two categories such as Phanerogam plants and cryptogam plants. Phanerogams are flowering plants that produce seeds, while cryptogams reproduce by spores and do not produce seeds or flowers. Thus, A phanerogamic parasite is a flowering plant that parasitizes a healthy plant, relying on the host for food and nutrition (Costa et al., 2024).

Seaweed farming is one of the fastest-growing sectors in aquaculture, contributing significantly to global food, industrial, and pharmaceutical markets. Below is an overview of the current state of global seaweed production based on available data. Global Production Volume in 2020 Data- Global seaweed production reached approximately 35.8 million metric tons (fresh weight). This production is dominated by aquaculture, with nearly 97% of seaweed coming from farmed sources. The largest producers are China and Indonesia, contributing a significant share of global production. China alone accounted for more than 57% of global seaweed output.

A case of perineal congenital defect (atresia ani) has been reported in non-descript buffalo calf and its successful management through surgical intervention.

Agricultural robotics, or "Agribots," is revolutionizing modern farming by integrating advanced technologies such as robotics, artificial intelligence and automation to improve efficiency, precision and sustainability in agricultural practices. These autonomous machines perform various tasks?planting, harvesting, irrigation and pest control?more accurately and efficiently, reducing labor costs and optimizing resource use. While agricultural robotics holds significant potential to address critical challenges like labor shortages, rising input costs and the need for sustainable farming, their widespread adoption faces hurdles such as high initial costs, technological complexities and the requirement for specialized training. Globally, countries like the U.S., Japan and several European nations are at the forefront of this innovation, with India also making strides through government support, research initiatives and local startups. To overcome barriers and ensure balanced integration, collaboration among technology developers, policymakers and farmers is essential. As agricultural robots continue to evolve, they promise to enhance productivity, promote sustainability and support global food security in an increasingly demanding world.

Microbes are essential tools in plant health management and bioremediation. Beneficial microorganisms, such as mycorrhizae and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria, improve plant health by enhancing nutrient absorption, promoting growth, and controlling soil-borne pathogens. In bioremediation, microbes break down environmental pollutants, effectively cleaning contaminated soils and waters. This dual application of microbes supports sustainable agricultural practices and aids in environmental recovery, making them crucial for enhancing crop productivity and restoring polluted ecosystems.

Green technologies have emerged as a key player in combating environmental degradation and driving sustainability across various sectors. These eco-friendly innovations aim to reduce harm, regenerate natural resources, and promote sustainable practices. This article provides an extensive review of green technologies, including renewable energy, sustainable transportation, waste management, energy efficiency solutions, and many others. The article explores how green technologies, such as solar power, biofuels, and smart grid technologies, are leading the way toward a sustainable future. However, despite their benefits, the adoption of these technologies faces several challenges, including high initial costs, lack of infrastructure, and limited public awareness. Overcoming these obstacles requires collective efforts from policymakers, industries, and the general public to accelerate the transition to a greener economy. Ultimately, green technologies hold the potential to create a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable world for future generations.

Land is a critical input that impacts on revenue generation of many stakeholders over different eras of socioeconomic development. However, the importance of land on livelihood generation of farming communities through agriculture has been taken very seriously during these days when any outcome becomes more accountable one for grassroot living and its own sustenance. So, reforms and policy formulations have been carried out to overcome any challenges in the sector. As land is a limiting factor, its importance could not be overlooked in the populous country like India where agriculture to industry is necessity for social existence. The present article highlights the history of land, its importance and substituent challenges in present days of socioeconomic development.

?Blooming Futures: New Emerging Technologies in Floriculture? summarize the keen impact of technological advancements on the evolution of floriculture. It explained how current challenges like, climate change and resource scarcity have spurred the adoption of innovative solutions within the industry. Through precision agriculture, genetic engineering, vertical farming, and automation, floriculture has more traditional limitations, enhancing sustain-ability, productivity and product quality. The abstract underscores the significance of ethical and regulatory considerations amidst this technological revolution, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that harmonizes innovation with environmental care and societal well-being. By these emerging technologies while navigating associated challenges, the floriculture sector stands assured to cultivate a future characterized by resilience, efficiency and continual innovation.

Enhancing profitability in agriculture is vital to ensure food security, alleviate poverty, and promote rural development. This article examines the various approaches for increasing profitability in Indian agriculture such as improving agricultural productivity, enhancing market access, adopting sustainable agricultural practices, risk mitigation and insurance, access to credit and financial inclusion as well as diversification and value addition. The article also highlights the role of different flagship schemes of the Government like PMKISAN, PMKSY, NMSA, PKVY, PMFBY etc aimed at promoting agriculture and improving the livelihoods of farmers in India.

Rhizoctonia solani is a species of fungus in the order Cantharellales. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are thin, effused, and web-like, but the fungus is more typically encountered in its anamorphic state, as hyphae and sclerotia. The inability of contaminated seeds to germinate, or "damping off," is the most typical sign of rhizoctonia. R. solani can destroy extremely young seedlings shortly after they emerge from the soil, or it can enter the seed before it has germinated to induce this pre-emergent damping down. Bio-nanoparticles can have positive environmental effects, such as reduced toxicity and increased solubility of pesticides. However, it's important to use nanotechnology responsibly, as there are concerns about environmental and non-target organism safety. Nanoparticles can help plants resist disease by activating their defense mechanisms or deactivating microbes.

Designer eggs are those whose composition has been deliberately modified to enhance their nutritional value beyond that of regular eggs. This is achieved by altering the diet or managing the immune systems of laying hens, resulting in eggs free from harmful components and enriched with beneficial nutrients. Designer eggs offer various health advantages, such as lower cholesterol, higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids, and an optimal omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, which contribute to cardiovascular health. These eggs are particularly valued for their enhanced nutritional profile, including increased antioxidants like vitamin E and carotenoids, as well as higher levels of n-3 fatty acids like Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These improvements not only enhance the eggs' stability during storage and cooking but also ensure the availability of essential nutrients without compromising taste. Consuming designer eggs can significantly boost up the antioxidant and n-3 fatty acid status of individuals, making them a valuable addition to a healthy diet. According to relevant scientific research and reviews, "designer eggs" represent a promising development in the functional food industry, paving the way for set up a new era of healthfocused food products that cater to the evolving needs of consumers.