Citrus is grown worldwide and is susceptible to attack by various insect pests from the nursery to the flowering and fruiting stage. About 250 species attack the citrus crop including lemon butterfly (Papilio demoleus L.). The production of citrus is highly affected by damaging the citrus butterfly. The citrus butterfly completes life in four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. They defoliate the leaves and remail the midrib. Its larvae feed on tender leaves, especially in nurseries. Knowledge of the biology and morphology of lemon butterflies is beneficial for applying management strategy. Various management strategies are applied such as chemical, biological, and mechanical for controlling the infestation of lemon butterflies.

Insect manure or ?frass? has emerged as an alternative nutrient source for alleviating the dependence on fossil fuel-based fertilizers, reducing food waste, and promoting food security. Yet, research on insect frass chemical composition is in its infancy. Therefore, insect frass from the mass breeding of insects for feed and food represents an important source of effective organic fertilizer for use in sustainable agriculture.

Soilless fruit culture, revolutionizes agriculture by growing plants without soil, using nutrientrich solutions or mist to ensure optimal growth and higher yields. These methods enhance water efficiency, control nutrient supply, prevent soil-borne diseases, and enable year-round production in controlled environments, thereby maximizing space and productivity. While initial setup costs and technical expertise requirements can be challenging, the benefits of sustainable and efficient farming make these techniques promising for future food security. The integration of renewable energy, automation, and IoT technologies further boosts their efficiency and environmental friendliness. Soilless fruit culture presents a resilient and innovative approach to meeting the growing global demand for food while preserving natural resources.