Sustainable intensification of agriculture requires ecologically sound nutrient management strategies that enhance soil fertility while minimizing environmental degradation. Among organic inputs, vermicompost and vermiwash, derived from earthworm-mediated decomposition processes, are increasingly recognized as effective biofertilizers for sustainable crop production. Vermicompost is a nutrient-rich, microbially active organic amendment containing essential macro- (N, P, K) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn), humic substances and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. It improves soil structure, aeration, water-holding capacity and nutrient mineralization, thereby promoting root proliferation and yield stability. Vermiwash, a liquid extract collected from vermicomposting units, contains soluble nutrients, enzymes, vitamins and phytohormones such as auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins that stimulate photosynthesis, flowering and stress resistance. Recent studies demonstrate that combined application of vermicompost (4-6 t ha??) and diluted vermiwash sprays (3-15%) enhances nutrient uptake, microbial biomass and productivity in cereals, pulses and horticultural crops. Integrating these vermiproducts within Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) frameworks reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers, improves soil organic carbon stocks and supports agroecological resilience. Furthermore, advances in substrate optimization, microbial fortification and nano-bioformulations have expanded their agronomic efficacy and scalability.

The upcycled food industry is emerging as a sustainable solution to global food waste, transforming unused by-products into valuable, eco-friendly food ingredients. India, with its vast agricultural base and increasing awareness of sustainability, holds strong potential in this sector. While North America currently leads the market, India?s growing focus on ESG goals, supportive startup ecosystem, and availability of raw materials position it for rapid growth. Tamil Nadu, in particular, shows high promise due to its robust agri-processing industry and innovation-driven startups. However, the sector still faces challenges such as varying raw material quality, limited consumer awareness, and the absence of clear regulations. With new policies from FSSAI, rising investments, and increased consumer interest in sustainable food choices, India is steadily moving toward a circular economy. The upcycled food market thus represents both an economic opportunity and a crucial step toward a more sustainable food system.

Zero Waste Farming is a new way to do sustainable agriculture that focuses on reusing agricultural waste and byproducts to reduce the impact on the environment and increase farm productivity. In India, where managing crop waste and soil degradation are major problems, using zero waste principles can help reduce pollution, improve soil health, create new sources of income, and support energy sustainability. This paper looks at the ideas, methods, benefits, problems, and recent uses of zero waste farming.