The first hours after birth represent a critical window in the life of a dairy calf. Unlike humans, cattle do not transfer substantial quantities of immunoglobulins across the placenta before birth; newborn calves therefore depend on colostrum to acquire passive immunity. Colostrum is the first mammary secretion after calving and contains immunoglobulins, energy, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, growth factors and other bioactive compounds. Its benefit depends not only on quality, but also on the quantity consumed, time of feeding and microbial cleanliness. Intestinal absorption of immunoglobulins declines rapidly after birth, making early feeding a practical priority. This article summarises the science of colostrum timing and presents a farm-ready approach suited to Indian dairy systems, where calves may be left to suckle, milk may be shared with household needs, and labour or calving supervision may be limited. The recommended management approach is to provide clean, high-quality colostrum as soon as possible, ideally within 1?2 hours, aim for approximately 10% of birth body weight at the first feeding, provide a further feeding within the first 12 hours, and use a Brix refractometer to assess quality where available. A simple, consistent colostrum protocol can reduce the risk of failure of passive transfer and support calf health, growth, welfare and future productivity.