Efficient utilization of fibrous agricultural residues is essential for sustainable livestock production, particularly in smallholder production systems where high-quality feeds are limited or expensive. Crop residues generally have low nutritive value because of their low protein and energy concentrations, poor digestibility and lignification of plant cell walls. Various approaches, including physical, chemical and biological treatments, strategic supplementation, complete feed blocks and ration balancing, can improve their feeding value and nutrient utilization. Rumen-modifying strategies such as ionophores, organic acids, exogenous fibrolytic enzymes, direct-fed microbials and plant bioactive compounds have also been investigated for improving rumen function and reducing enteric methane production. This article reviews important nutritional and rumen-based approaches for improving fibrous-feed utilization while reducing methane emission intensity. An integrated approach combining feed treatment, strategic supplementation, ration balancing and appropriate rumen-modifying strategies can support sustainable livestock production.