Microalgae as an emerging multipurpose biological resource can be used in sectors including aquaculture, food, feed, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. It is able to synthesize a variety of active substances, such as proteins and lipids. Further, various techniques for mass culture are available, and hence, it is an attractive option for large scale production. Good biomass production is possible by choosing suitable cultivation conditions and systems of culture according to characteristics of the species and target application. Equally important are the downstream steps of biomass harvesting and drying that impact the quality, cost, and usability of the final products.