Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a major ecological, economic and social challenge for communities living near forests and protected areas. Forest-fringe farmers are particularly vulnerable because their livelihoods depend on agriculture, livestock and natural resources, while wildlife frequently enters agricultural landscapes in search of food, water and shelter. Crop damage, livestock depredation, property damage and threats to human safety can cause considerable economic losses and influence farmers' knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and willingness to coexist with wildlife. Farmers also develop different coping strategies based on local experience, available resources and the wildlife species involved. Common measures include field guarding, fencing, trenches, lights, noise, changes in cropping patterns, early harvesting, collective protection. This review examines farmers' knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and coping strategies towards HWC in different regions of India, including Tamil Nadu, Assam, Kerala, West Bengal, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Karnataka. The reviewed studies indicate that the intensity and nature of HWC vary according to local ecological, socioeconomic and agricultural conditions. Effective conflict management requires improved awareness, community participation, preventive measures and stronger coordination between farmers and forest authorities.