Plant tissue culture is an important biotechnology for rapid multiplication, production of disease-free planting material and improvement and conservation of crop plants. The process involves in vitro culture of plant cells, tissues or organs on suitable nutrient media and provides powerful techniques like micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, embryo rescue, haploid production and in vitro selection for crop improvement. Plant tissue culture has been increasingly used for the regeneration of plants difficult to propagate by seed and for facilitating rapid multiplication schemes. Further, plant tissue culture techniques can be employed to support modern biotechnological approaches like genetic transformation and genome editing. Thus, despite challenges posed by contamination, browning and genotype specificity, tissue culture has great potential to supplement traditional breeding methods for the development of improved varieties with higher yield, disease resistance and climatic adaptation.