Artificial intelligence (AI) revolutionizes food analysis through the provision of fast, accurate, and non-destructive evaluation of the quality, safety, authenticity, and nutritional content of food products. AI methods such as machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, spectroscopy, biosensors, and internet of things (IoT) make it possible to identify food adulteration, contamination, spoilage, and quality issues in real-time while minimizing manual labor and time of analysis. AI also makes it possible to have personalized nutrition, smart packaging, supply chain optimization, and predictive quality management and thus plays an important role in improving food security and sustainability. This article explores the use of artificial intelligence in food composition and quality analysis, the workflow of AI based food analysis, and the different food types that can be analyzed using this technology including dairy products, fruits and vegetables, cereals, meats, seafood, spices, oils, coffee, tea, and processed foods. The advantages, industrial applications, and some of the challenges posed by AI are also discussed in this article.