Biotic and abiotic stresses drive major global crop losses, a problem intensified by climate change. Classical breeding and genetic engineering, are useful but they are slow, limited in genetic diversity, and often face regulatory challenges. CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing offers a precise, affordable alternative, using a guide RNA and Cas9 enzyme to introduce targeted DNA changes without foreign gene insertion. India has emerged as a leader among developing nations, with public institutions developing transgene-free, genome-edited rice, wheat, and mustard varieties, while millets stand out as a promising next frontier for climate-resilient nutrition. Despite challenges?limited genomic resources, regulatory ambiguity, and smallholder access?supportive policies such as India's 2022 genome-editing guidelines are accelerating adoption. With continued investment and clear regulation, CRISPR-Cas9 can help build a more resilient, food-secure agricultural future.