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The Epigenetics of Bloom: How Climate Stress Triggers Memory in Dahlia Tubers for the Next Growing Season

Plants cannot flee from stress, they must endure it, adapt to it, and remember it. Dahlia variabilis, a geophyte with underground tuberous storage roots, offers a compelling model for understanding how climate-induced stress experiences are encoded in the plant body and carried into the next growing season. This article examines the molecular mechanisms by which heat, drought, and cold stresses imprint epigenetic marks, principally DNA methylation, histone modifications, and small RNA-mediated pathways onto dahlia tuber chromatin during the growing season. These marks persist through winter dormancy and influence gene expression upon resprouting the following spring, producing a primed, faster, and more robust response to the same stressors. Drawing on evidence from model species and geophytic analogues, we propose that epigenetic stress memory is functionally adaptive in dahlias ? a biological insurance policy written in chemistry rather than DNA sequence.