Heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems, driven by industrialization, urbanization, agricultural runoff, and improper waste disposal, poses significant environmental and health risks. Toxic metals like mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium, and arsenic accumulate in fish through water, food, and sediment exposure, impairing their physiological functions and disrupting ecosystem balance. This bioaccumulation also threatens human health by transferring toxic metals through the food chain, potentially causing neurological, kidney, and cardiovascular issues. Effective mitigation strategies including wastewater treatment, pollution control, bioremediation, eco-friendly practices, and continuous monitoring are critical to reduce contamination. Understanding and managing heavy metal bioaccumulation in fish is vital for preserving aquatic biodiversity, sustaining ecosystems, and ensuring public health safety.