Cigarette butts (CBs) are the most littered waste item globally, with trillions discarded annually, leading to persistent environmental pollution due to their non-biodegradable cellulose acetate filters and toxic contents. This review explores practical remediation technologies that convert CB waste into valuable resources through material integration, cellulose recovery, biorefinery processes, and supportive policy mechanisms. These approaches significantly reduce environmental impacts while promoting resource efficiency. Key findings highlight the feasibility of incorporating CBs into construction materials, recovering cellulose acetate for water treatment membranes, and applying thermochemical conversions. Combined with collection strategies like deposit-refund systems, these technologies offer a comprehensive pathway toward mitigating CB pollution.