Fisheries development schemes play a crucial role in enhancing rural livelihoods, food security, and employment in India. This article evaluates the socio-economic effects of key government initiatives such as Matsya Mitra, housing schemes, seed stocking, and farm ponds in Jharkhand and Maharashtra. While these programs have successfully increased fish production, created new farmers, and improved living conditions, beneficiaries continue to face financial, administrative, and extension-related constraints. Drawing on social impact assessment (SIA) approaches, the article highlights the need for holistic, communitycentered strategies to ensure sustainable development in the fisheries sector.