In India, crop leftover is one of the most underutilized agricultural resources or the plant biomass left behind after harvest. Crop residue burning (CRB) has become a serious agricultural and environmental problem greatly increasing greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution and soil degradation. The production of crop leftovers has significantly expanded with growing agricultural intensification especially in rice-wheat systems. This article examines the relationship between burning crop residue and climate change; emphasizes the effects it has on the environment and society and talks about sustainable crop residue management (CRM) techniques. Critical analysis is done on both in-situ and ex-situ management techniques including Happy Seeder technology, Pusa decomposer, biochar production and biomass usage. Recent research shows that sustainable crop residue management can increase crop yields, improve soil organic carbon, cut greenhouse gas emissions by up to 50% and create new revenue streams for farmers. In order to move from residue burning to sustainable practices for climate mitigation and agricultural sustainability, the paper highlights the necessity of combined governmental support, technical adoption and awareness.