Avenue plantations represent a vital form of green infrastructure that integrates ecological, social, and climatic benefits within linear transportation networks. This study examines the role of scientifically designed avenue plantations in enhancing the sustainability of both urban and rural landscapes in India. Rapid urbanization and infrastructure expansion have significantly reduced tree cover, intensifying environmental challenges such as urban heat islands, air pollution, and habitat fragmentation. Avenue plantations offer a practical and scalable solution by transforming roadsides into multifunctional ecological corridors. Distinctions between urban and rural plantation strategies are discussed, highlighting the need for pollution-tolerant, space-efficient species in cities, and multipurpose, community beneficial species in rural areas. Despite their potential, avenue plantations face challenges such as unplanned road widening, poor species selection, inadequate maintenance, and increasing climate stress. In conclusion, avenue plantations are not merely aesthetic enhancements but essential components of sustainable development. When planned and managed scientifically, they contribute significantly to environmental resilience, public health, and landscape connectivity, thereby supporting the transition toward greener and more livable ecosystems.