Soil alkalinity has a detrimental effect on agricultural sustainability and soil health. Managing and maintaining agricultural productivity in saline?alkali soils is a major challenge. These soils have high salt levels, poor structure, and low fertility, which make crop growth difficult. As a result, they pose serious risks to soil health, long-term land sustainability, and global food security. Agronomic measures refer to crop and soil management practices designed to improve soil conditions and enhance crop productivity without major engineering interventions. Salt-affected soils are widespread in arid and semi-arid regions and have existed since ancient times. The global extent of saline and sodic soils has increased markedly, reaching approximately 424 million hectares in the topsoil (0?30 cm) and 833 million hectares in the subsoil (30?100 cm) by 2021, compared to about 800 million hectares reported in 2010. This notable expansion over the past decade underscores a persistent and escalating trend in soil salinization. Crop production loss due to salinity at the national level is 5.66 million tonnes (Mt), accounting for the annual monetary loss of 8,000 Crores, at prevailing Minimum Support Prices (MSP) of different crops during 2015. AICRP on Salt Affected Soils and Use Saline Water in Agriculture, established 1972. This review highlights effective agronomic measures to enhance productivity in alkaline soils, drawing on key practices and field-based outcomes.