Subclinical mastitis is one of the most economically significant diseases affecting dairy cattle worldwide. Unlike clinical mastitis, it does not show visible symptoms, making early detection difficult. This condition leads to reduced milk yield, poor milk quality, and substantial financial losses for dairy farmers. Conventional control measures such as antibiotics and chemical disinfectants have limitations, including antimicrobial resistance and milk contamination. Recently, essential oils derived from plants have emerged as a promising, natural, and eco-friendly alternative. This article explores the causes, impacts, and management of subclinical mastitis, with a focus on the application of essential oils in dairy farming.