Poultry genetic resources represent a vital component of global agricultural biodiversity, contributing to food security, rural livelihoods, and climate resilience. Indigenous poultry breeds like aseel, kadaknath etc. possess unique adaptive traits such as disease resistance, heat tolerance, and efficient feed utilization under low-input systems. However, the rapid expansion of commercial poultry production has led to the erosion of these valuable genetic resources. This article explores the importance of conserving poultry biodiversity, outlines major conservation strategies including in situ and ex situ approaches, and highlights current challenges and future opportunities. A balanced conservation approach is essential to ensure sustainable poultry production and safeguard genetic diversity for future generations.