Monitoring Earth's biodiversity at the scale demanded by the current extinction crisis requires tools that transcend human observational limits. Satellite remote sensing now enables large scale mapping of vegetation health, forest fragmentation, and marine ecosystem dynamics. Combined with deep learning models trained on citizen science data, these methods can identify thousands of plant species at metre-scale resolution. Despite transformative advances, persistent challenges remain: cloud cover, mixed-pixel ambiguity, and a structural digital divide that leaves biodiversity-rich, lower-income nations with the most diverse landscapes and least access to some of these powerful technologies.