Agriculture remains a foundational sector of the Indian economy and supports livelihoods, food security, and rural development. However, farm income is often affected by rising input costs, uncertain rainfall, pest outbreaks, and volatile market prices. Agricultural budgeting and financial planning provide systematic tools that help farmers estimate production costs, allocate resources efficiently, evaluate expected returns, and prepare for risk (Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO], 2019; Kay et al., 2016). This paper discusses the concept, components, significance, and practical methods of farm budgeting for sustainable and profitable agriculture.