DNA barcoding has become a powerful and reliable tool for identifying fish species, especially where traditional methods based on physical features often fall short. By using a small, standardized DNA region commonly the mitochondrial COI gene this technique allows accurate identification across all life stages, including eggs and larvae. It is particularly useful in addressing challenges such as species misidentification, seafood fraud, and illegal fishing. In India, DNA barcoding is strengthening fisheries management, improving traceability in aquaculture, and supporting biodiversity conservation. The integration of advanced approaches like environmental DNA (eDNA) and next-generation sequencing is further enhancing its efficiency and scope. Overall, DNA barcoding offers a fast, precise, and modern solution for sustainable fisheries and aquatic biodiversity monitoring in a rapidly changing world.