Polymerase chain reaction is among the major molecular biology techniques today, facilitating the precise amplification of DNA sequences for forensic investigations, agricultural biotechnology applications, and diagnostics within life sciences. Enzyme activity, heat cycle conditions, primer modification, and perhaps most notably, the availability of magnesium ions (Mg??), acting as a critical cofactor in DNA polymerases, are some of the major chemical and physical factors that determine the efficiency of the reaction. Optimization approaches traditionally centred on varying the magnesium salt concentrations and temperature conditions; however, this strategy suffers from constraints in terms of time, sensitivity, and specificity. Nanotechnology has emerged to prove that utilizing magnesium nanoparticles (MgO NPs) produced by green synthesis techniques from agricultural wastes will optimize PCR reactions into an excellent nano-PCR technique.