Sorghum bicolor is an important cereal crop used for both grain and fodder. However, its productivity is greatly constrained by insect pests, with over 150 species recorded. Among which the sorghum shoot fly is one of the most destructive during the early crop stage. The pest attacks young seedlings and damages the central growing point, leading to the formation of ?dead heart? symptoms, which results in poor plant population and significant reduction in grain as well as fodder yield. Considering the economic importance of this pest, article presents a comprehensive information regarding its life cycle, ecology, damaging symptoms, alternate host plants, economic threshold levels, yield losses and management strategies, along with the major challenges and limitations associated with its control.