Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), known as an ancient, drought-resistant grain, excels in marginal lands with short growth cycles of 60-90 days and low water needs (300-500 mm rainfall). Rich in protein (11-14g/100g), fiber, iron, and gluten-free properties, it supports nutrition amid climate challenges and India's Shree Anna promotion. The article highlights shoot fly (Atherigona spp.) as a key pest causing "dead heart" damage, recommending IPM strategies like timely sowing, neem biopesticides, and seed treatments for sustainable yields