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Deworming Schedule in Different Animal Species

Parasitic infections remain a major challenge to livestock production systems across the globe, contributing to substantial economic losses through their negative impact on growth rate, milk production, feed efficiency, reproductive performance, and, in severe cases, animal survival (Taylor et al., 2016; Bowman, 2021). In addition to affecting animal health and welfare, these infections significantly reduce the overall efficiency and profitability of the livestock sector (FAO, 2019). This review aims to present an overview of the epidemiology, transmission patterns, and species-wise occurrence of important helminth parasites, including nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms), and trematodes (flukes), which infect a wide range of domestic animals such as cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, pigs, poultry, and horses (Urquhart et al., 2003).