Agricultural intensification has emerged as a key approach to meet the rising global demand for food, fiber, and fuel by increasing productivity through the use of high-yielding varieties, fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation. While these practices have significantly improved agricultural output, they have also imposed considerable pressure on water ecosystems. Intensive agriculture often leads to excessive withdrawal of surface and groundwater resources, resulting in declining water tables and altered hydrological cycles. Additionally, the overuse of agrochemicals contributes to nutrient runoff and pesticide contamination, causing eutrophication and deterioration of water quality. These changes adversely affect aquatic biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human health. Sustainable management practices such as efficient irrigation, integrated nutrient and pest management, conservation agriculture, and precision farming are essential to mitigate these impacts. Balancing agricultural productivity with the conservation of water resources is crucial for ensuring long-term environmental sustainability and food security.