This article gives a comprehensive short overview of diagnostic techniques, emphasizing the transition from conventional methods to advanced molecular, biosensor-based, and lateral flow assay technologies. It highlights the urgent need for sensitive, rapid, specific and effective diagnostic tools to enhance infectious disease control and surveillance. PCR, ELISA, Isothermal amplification and CRISPR-based approaches offer high analytical precision and pathogen detection. This article also outlines the advantages and some limitations of each platform, underscoring the demand for integrated, portable and high-performance diagnostic system.