India produces enough food grains, a significant section of the populace nevertheless experiences hidden hunger due to shortages in vital micronutrients including iron, zinc, and vitamin A. Immunity, cognitive development, productivity, and general health are all adversely impacted by hidden hunger, especially in children and women of reproductive age (Sindhu, 2025). By increasing the nutrient content of basic crops that the population regularly consumes, bio-fortification has emerged as a sustainable agricultural technique to treat these micronutrient deficits (Bouis & Saltzman, 2017). Using traditional breeding, agronomic techniques, and biotechnology, bio-fortification raises crop levels of iron, zinc, and provitamin A without changing dietary patterns or food processing techniques (Better Nutrition, n.d.; IAS Gyan, n.d.). To fight hidden hunger, Indian research organisations like the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) have successfully created bio-fortified wheat, rice, pearl millet, maize, legumes, and potato types (ICAR, 2022). Zinc-rich wheat cultivars and high-iron pearl millet have demonstrated considerable promise in enhancing micronutrient consumption in low-income and rural populations reliant on cereal-based diets (HarvestPlus, 2021). The incorporation of bio-fortified crops into national nutrition policies has been reinforced by government initiatives including POSHAN Abhiyaan, seed distribution, and farmer awareness campaigns (NITI Aayog, 2021; IndiaSpend, 2022). Farmers gain from bio-fortified crops because they provide better market opportunities and livelihood security while keeping yields comparable to traditional types (HarvestPlus, 2021). Large-scale adoption is nevertheless hampered by issues like low awareness, insufficient seed availability, restrictions on market demand, and legislative obstacles (Bouis & Saltzman, 2017; IndiaSpend, 2022). All things considered, bio-fortification provides an affordable and sustainable way to alleviate hidden hunger in India by connecting agriculture, nutrition, and public health (Sindhu, 2025).