Nanoparticles (NPs) are extremely tiny molecules with features that typically differ from those of larger substances. There are four types of NPs, each with its own set of physical and chemical features. NPs are increasingly being employed in agriculture to improve productivity and resource efficacy. NPs are commonly used as nano fertilizers, seed primers, and nano-based sensors to improve food quality and for water purification. In modern agriculture, nanoparticles have become a game-changer, providing solutions to longstanding agricultural challenges.