Rice continues to play a central role in global food security, particularly in Asia, where it serves as a staple food for millions. Enhancing both yield and seed quality has therefore become a major priority in rice production systems. Although puddled transplanting has been widely adopted for decades, its sustainability is increasingly questioned due to high water requirements, labour shortages, and negative impacts on soil structure. In recent years, alternative establishment methods such as direct dry seeding, direct wet seeding, aerobic rice cultivation, and drum seeder sowing have gained attention. This article discusses how different rice planting systems influence seed yield and key seed quality attributes. By drawing upon recent research findings, it highlights the potential of alternative planting systems to support efficient, climate-resilient, and sustainable rice seed production.