African Swine Fever (ASF), a highly lethal viral disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boars, has emerged as a major global and national concern. On the world stage, recent breakthroughs such as a reverse-genetics system for ASF virus (ASFV) developed in 2025 are revitalizing vaccine research. In India, ASF was first detected in 2020 in northeastern states, and has since spread to additional regions including Goa and Kerala. Molecular studies confirm that Indian ASFV strains predominantly belong to genotype II, with unique genetic mutations. Aggressive outbreaks have caused significant economic losses. However, Indian scientists are responding: rapid antigen-detection kits developed in Assam (2025), PCRbased molecular surveillance in Karnataka (2024-25), and epidemiological assessments in the northeast are improving detection and control. Still, challenges remain like no licensed vaccine, weak biosecurity in small-scale farms, and potential wildlife reservoirs in wild boar. Addressing ASF in India will require a coordinated strategy combining diagnostics, biosecurity, surveillance, and research support to protect food security and rural livelihoods.