Sericulture, the cultivation of silkworms for silk production, remains a cornerstone of India's rural economy. As the world's second-largest silk producer and largest consumer, India's sericulture industry employs 9.76 million people and generates export revenues of Rs. 2,027.56 crore. The industry's market value reached Rs. 612.7 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at 14.6% CAGR to Rs. 2,217.5 billion by 2033. This comprehensive analysis examines India's sericulture landscape, production techniques, regional dynamics, and economic significance, highlighting the sector's transformation from traditional practices to modern sustainable methods while addressing contemporary challenges and future opportunities.