India, recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot, harbors immense biodiversity. Its diverse agro-climatic zones foster immense plant genetic resources, including a wide range of underutilized crops with high nutritional, ecological, and economic value. These crops often resilient to climatic stresses offer sustainable solutions for food, nutrition, and livelihood security. However, they remain neglected due to limited awareness, market access, and research focus. Strategic measures such as crop diversification, utilization of wild species, biotechnology-driven improvement, conservation through community participation, and value addition are crucial for their promotion. Strengthening institutional collaboration and supportive policies will enable integration of these crops into mainstream agriculture, enhancing climate resilience, dietary diversity, and rural income while contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).