Spirulina cultivation using hydroponic and photobioreactor systems marks a significant advancement in sustainable biomass production. As a protein-rich cyanobacterium (60-70%) containing essential amino acids and valuable bioactive compounds, Spirulina holds vast potential in nutrition, pharmaceuticals, and commercial industries. Modern cultivation systems such as hydroponics and photobioreactors allow precise control of growth conditions while minimizing land and water use, achieving yields of 10-25 g/m?/day under optimized parameters. In India, where the nutraceutical market is expected to reach Rs 18,000 crores by 2025, Spirulina farming emerges as both economically promising and environmentally beneficial. This review discusses the technologies and productivity parameters associated with Spirulina cultivation, its sustainability advantages, and the expanding Indian market potential for Spirulina-based products, emphasizing its role as a future-forward solution for sustainable food and biomass production.