
In the face of escalating environmental pressures that jeopardize global crop yields, enhancing crop stress tolerance becomes a paramount endeavour for restoring sufficient food production. Recently, biofilm-forming PGPR has emerged as a promising candidates for agricultural application. These biofilms are evidence of microorganism colonization on plant roots. Biofilm-mediated plant resilience represents a promising, eco-friendly approach to combat the growing challenges of abiotic stresses in agriculture. By producing extracellular polymeric substances, phytohormones, osmolytes and stress-modulating enzymes, biofilmforming plant growth-promoting microbes enhance root colonization, improve soil water and nutrient availability and buffer plants against drought, salinity, temperature extremes and heavy metal toxicity.