Organic pest control; built on cultural, mechanical, biological and host-plant resistance measures, reduces dependence on synthetic pesticides and can deliver important public goods such as cleaner water, healthier soils, pollinator protection and reduced occupational exposure. However, it also entails challenges such as lower yields, higher labour demands, certification costs, and vulnerability to pest outbreaks. While organic products often command significant price premiums due to consumer trust, market scarcity, and perceived health benefits, these premiums must be high enough to offset hidden costs. A revenue? cost framework shows that when yield losses and extra expenses are considered, break-even premiums can exceed 40?45%. Consequently, the distribution of benefits is uneven: consumers bear higher prices, farmers may capture only part of the premium, and society may subsidize transitions. The article concludes that organic pest control is ecologically sustainable and ethically justified, but its economic viability depends on sufficient price premiums, supportive policies, and efforts to narrow yield gaps.