Contemporary refined white sugar consumption has reached alarming levels in India, contributing to rising diabetes and obesity rates. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, traditionally known as "kaa-hee" by indigenous Guaran? people for over 1,500 years, offers a revolutionary zero-calorie alternative. This natural sweetener provides 200-400 times the sweetness of table sugar without compromising health. Recent clinical studies demonstrate stevia's potential in weight management, blood glucose control, and cardiovascular health improvement. With the Indian stevia market projected to reach ?4,200 crores by 2025, value-added products including stevia sugar blends, liquid extracts, and pharmaceutical formulations are gaining momentum. This review examines the detrimental effects of refined sugar, explores stevia's ancient medicinal heritage, and analyzes its contemporary therapeutic applications and commercial prospects.