The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the food industry by enabling real-time monitoring, automation and data-driven decision-making across the supply chain. From precision agriculture and smart farming to food processing, logistics, retail and consumer engagement, IoT applications enhance efficiency, food safety and sustainability. Core components such as sensors, communication networks and data analytics support improved productivity, resource optimization and transparency in farm-to-fork systems. Key benefits include enhanced quality control, cold chain integrity, reduced food waste and improved consumer trust through traceability. However, widespread adoption faces challenges related to high costs, data privacy, interoperability, and infrastructure gaps. Emerging trends?such as integration with artificial intelligence, blockchain and green IoT offer promising opportunities for building resilient, sustainable and consumer-centric food systems. This article provides a comprehensive overview of IoT applications, benefits, challenges and future prospects in the food industry.