India's prawn aquaculture has grown significantly during the 1990s thanks to Litopenaeus vannamei adoption, species diversification, and better farming practices. Biosecurity, improved health management, and super-intensive systems increased production, and the industry is expected to rise from USD 7.3 billion in 2022 to USD 14 billion by 2028. Disease outbreaks (EHP, white spot), environmental stress, and socioeconomic problems are still problems, nevertheless. The goal of policies like PMMSY and the Coastal Aquaculture Authority Act is sustainable expansion, which calls for stricter laws, environmentally friendly operations, and efficient disease prevention.