Sugarcane, traditionally valued for sugar production, is now emerging as a key bioenergy crop in the transition towards greener and more sustainable energy systems. This article explores the multifaceted role of sugarcane in renewable energy, focusing on its application in producing bioethanol, biogas, and cogenerated electricity. Sugarcane?s high biomass yield and photosynthetic efficiency make it a carbon-neutral energy source with the potential to replace fossil fuels. The utilization of its by-products such as bagasse, press mud, and molasses in integrated bio-refineries exemplifies a circular economy model, enhancing energy self-sufficiency and minimizing environmental impact. The article highlights successful global practices, particularly in Brazil and India, and discusses the Indian government's supportive policies like the Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme and SATAT initiative. Challenges such as water use, input intensity, and land-use conflicts are acknowledged, with a focus on climate-smart agriculture and second-generation biofuel technologies as solutions. Overall, sugarcane presents a sustainable pathway for clean energy, rural development, and environmental protection.