Stored cereals and pulses are vital for ensuring food and nutritional security, yet they are highly vulnerable to insect pest infestations. Post-harvest losses attributed to storage pests range between 5?30% worldwide, with more severe impacts in tropical and subtropical regions. The major insect groups involved are Coleoptera (weevils, borers, beetles) and Lepidoptera (moths), which cause both quantitative and qualitative grain losses. This review consolidates findings from multiple studies on pest diversity, damage mechanisms, and management approaches. Emphasis is given to chemical, botanical, and physical methods, as well as the integration of these strategies into sustainable Integrated Pest Management (IPM) systems. The article concludes by highlighting research gaps and policy recommendations to mitigate storage losses.