Silkworms (Bombyx mori) rely on a symbiotic relationship with their gut microbiota to support key physiological functions crucial for effective silk production. These microorganisms aid in the digestion of mulberry leaves, enhance nutrient absorption, and bolster the silkworm?s immune response. Recent advances have revealed that manipulating the gut microbiota through probiotics and targeted microbial interventions can significantly improve larval health and silk yield. This review explores the functional roles of gut microbes in sericulture, highlights the importance of maintaining microbial balance, and discusses emerging strategies for optimizing microbiome-based approaches in silk farming. Integrating microbial management into sericulture promises to improve sustainability, reduce environmental impact, and enhance silk production outcomes.