Rice farming plays a vital role in ensuring food security for billions of people, yet it is also a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions?specifically methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N20). Cultivating rice in flooded fields encourages the release of methane, and excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers can lead to higher emissions of nitrous oxide (IPCC, 2021; FAO, 2019). This article explores the environmental impact of rice cultivation, particularly in Asia, which dominates global production. It also outlines modern scientific techniques for measuring these emissions and highlights sustainable farming practices such as Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD), use of biochar, and efficient fertilizer management (Richards & Sander, 2014; Linquist et al., 2015). By adopting climate-smart strategies and supportive policies, rice farming can evolve into a solution for climate change, rather than a cause.