Cotton production worldwide is severely threatened by a range of insect pests, leading to significant yield losses and economic impact. Traditional pest control methods, including chemical pesticides, face limitations such as resistance development, environmental concerns, and non-target effects. Proteomics - the large-scale study of proteins, their structures, and functions - offers a powerful tool for advancing insect-pest management strategies in cotton. By analysing the protein profiles of both pests and cotton plants under biotic stress, researchers can identify key molecular targets involved in pest resistance, hostpathogen interactions, and stress responses. This knowledge enables the development of innovative approaches such as pest-resistant genetically engineered cotton varieties, novel biopesticides, and improved Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. This article explores the current advances in proteomic technologies applied to cotton pest management, highlights major discoveries, and discusses future prospects for harnessing proteomics to create sustainable and effective pest control solutions.