Plant-based ingredients, whether terrestrial or aquatic, have been recognized as promising alternatives to conventional animal-derived ingredients in aquafeeds. However, many plantbased feedstuffs are low in protein, deficient in essential fatty acids (EFAs) and essential amino acids (EAAs), and contain antinutritional factors (ANFs) that reduce nutrient availability, digestibility, and feed palatability. Microbial fermentation, a cost-effective and biologically driven processing technique, has emerged as a promising solution to enhance the nutritional value of plant-based ingredients while facilitating the utilization of nonconventional resources, thereby reducing reliance on conventional feed sources. Fermentation has been shown to improve nutrient availability and bioavailability, increase palatability and digestibility, and degrade ANFs, ultimately enhancing fish growth and health performance. By integrating fermentation into aquafeed production, sustainable and costeffective aquaculture can be achieved, ensuring improved feed efficiency and reduced environmental impact.