Reproductive biotechnology has revolutionized livestock breeding by enhancing genetic improvement, increasing productivity, and ensuring sustainability in animal agriculture. This article explores the role of advanced reproductive technologies in accelerating genetic gains, improving desirable traits, and preserving valuable genetic resources. Key biotechnological interventions such as artificial insemination (AI), multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET), in vitro fertilization (IVF), cryopreservation, and cloning are discussed, along with their applications in livestock improvement. Additionally, cutting-edge techniques like gene editing, genomic selection, and transgenesis are examined for their potential to reshape the future of animal breeding. The article also highlights the economic, ethical, and regulatory challenges associated with these technologies and their impact on global livestock production. By integrating reproductive biotechnology with genetic advancements, the livestock industry can achieve sustainable growth, enhance disease resistance, and meet the increasing demands for animal-derived products. Future perspectives on emerging innovations and their implications for precision breeding are also explored.